#VIOLENCE OF THE SUN ORIGIN LICENSE#

This may also have negative implication for doctor–patient relationship and subsequently contribute to the incidences of violence against health-care professionals. Moreover, the practice of defensive medicine among physicians in Chinese hospitals has been reported for years. If this situation continues, Chinese patients will have to face a further shortage of physicians.

#VIOLENCE OF THE SUN ORIGIN LICENSE#

The Ministry of Health statistics in 2008 showed that 1 million people had acquired physicians’ license in the past 6 years however, 40% of them did not register. An investigation by the Chinese Medical Doctor Association in 2009 showed that more than 60% of the registered physicians were not satisfied with the working environment. Chinese medical staff faces heavy workload, providing service to one-fourth of the world's population. Shortage of physicians and long waiting time for visits and treatment are challenges faced by China's health care, and these are also some of the reasons for workplace violence. Both bullying and physical violence have led to increased turnover intention. Violence in the health sector is also associated with job dissatisfaction and turnover intention among care professionals. Numerous studies have documented experiences of violent incidents resulting in severe psychological distress, increased work stress, and reduced work efficiency. Physical violence against care providers has been associated with patient falls, medication errors, and late administration of medications. Violence and inadequate managerial care after violent incidents may reduce nurses’ proficiency, which could have negative implications for patient care. N EGATIVE E FFECTS OF W ORKPLACE V IOLENCE ON T HE S TAFF AND P ATIENT O UTCOMESįrequent instances of workplace violence have direct and indirect negative consequences on both the staff and patients, including compromised patient care. Thus, being employed as a hospital staff, especially as a direct care provider, is now considered a dangerous job in China. In 2015, the Supreme People's Procuratorate summarized features of violence at hospitals as follows: occur frequently and suddenly with serious consequences, have a wide impact on the public, need urgent attention and handling, cause serious damage, and pose continuous potential dangers. Statistical analysis by the Ministry of Health showed that more than 17,000 violent affairs had occurred in 2010.

In addition, “medical mobs”–a group of people gathered at health care facilities threatening medical staff and create chaos for large compensation instead of the settlement of medical disputes–disturb medical working environment, although more often than not, they do not resort to violence. However, violence, including fatal physical assault, affects nearly all Chinese health-care professionals. Direct care providers, including physicians and nurses, are more prone to suffer from physical assaults. According to a survey conducted in 2014, 12.6% of 840 respondents admitted being physically attacked at their workplace in that past 12 months. Another survey in 2012 showed that more than 50% of the 2464 respondents in 12 hospitals from 2 provinces had experienced workplace violence and the rate of physical assault was 11%. A survey conducted by the China Hospital Association in 2012 showed that 96% of the hospitals investigated had verbal violence and as much as 60% had experienced physical violence. Workplace violence in health care has become a prominent social problem in China in the recent years. Here shows the account of items from 1990 to 2016 when searched with “workplace violence” (blue), “workplace violence healthcare” (red), “workplace violence nursing” (green), and “workplace violence emergency” (violet), respectively. Workplace violence papers searched by keywords in PubMed from 1990 to 2016.

Violence of the sun origin